Sme fluid mechanics i introduction property any characteristic of a system e. Fluid flow under their own weight and take the shape of any solid body with which they are in contact. Lecture 1 basic concepts and properties of fluids nptel. For a fluid at rest or moving in such a manner that there is no relative motion between particles there are no shearing forces present. Mohsin siddique assistant professor 1 fluid mechanics 2. Consequently, the fact that the fluid is made up of discrete molecules is ignored. Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest while fluid dynamics studies fluids in motion. Find and study its derivation in your fluid mechanics book. We start this chapter with a detailed discussion of. At, we provide access to the bestquality, bestvalue private tutoring service possible, tailored to your course of study. Consequently, any force developed is only due to normal stresses i. The word statics is derived from greek word statikos motionless. Density of a fluid is defined as the ratio of the mass of a fluid to its volume. For an incompressible fluid, the statics equation simplifies to.
These properties are then assumed to vary continuously and smoothly from one point to another. Density is expressed in the british gravitational bg system as. The effect of gravity is illustrated thr ough pr essur e on a vertical cylindrical column. Properties the specific gravity of the fluid is given to be sg 1. Consider an elemental area da inside a fluid, the fluid on one side of area da presses the fluid on the other side and viceversa. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics the study of air and other gases in motion and hydrodynamics the study of liquids in motion. Fluid statics is the part of fluid mechanics that deals with fluids when there is no relative motion between the fluid particles. Enthalpy p is the flow energy, also called the flow work, which is the energy per unit mass needed to move the fluid and maintain flow. In addition to the properties like mass, velocity, and pressure usually considered in physical problems, the following are the basic properties of a fluid. First we discuss intensiveand extensive propertiesand define density and specific gravity. Fluid statics and fluid dynamics form the two constituents of fluid mechanics. Fluid flow for chemical engineers ekc212 core course. For the general case, the stress on a fluid element or at a point is a tensor for a static fluid.
Fluid statics definition of fluid statics by the free. A barotropic, compressible fluid at rest is governed by the statics equation, where z is the height above an arbitrary datum, and g is the gravity acceleration constant 9. M l because point d, although at the same level, lies beneath a different fluid, mercury. Fluid dynamics and statics and bernoullis equation overview. Study set 912 static of fluids center of pressuresubmerged surfaces. Engineering fluid mechanics 4 contents contents notation7 1 fluid statics 14 1. Fluid statics study material for iit jee askiitians. Fluid mechanics is defined as the science that deals with a fluids behaviour,when it is at rest or motion and fluids interaction with other solids or fluids. Fluid properties, fluid statics, pressure, math for property balances, integral mass balance, integral momentum balance, integral energy balance, bernoulli equation, bernoulli applications, mechanical energy, dimensional analysis, laminar pipe flow, turbulent pipe flow, minor losses, single pipelines. Pressure and fluid statics pressure for a static fluid, the only stress is the normal stress since by definition a fluid subjected to a shear stress must deform and undergo motion. When we talk about density its usually mass density were referring to. Engineering fluid mechanics staffordshire university. Pdf introduction to fluid mechanics masilakhe mgaguli.
This equation describes the pressure profile of the atmosphere, for example. Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids either in motion fluid dynamics or at rest fluid statics. Fluid statics synonyms, fluid statics pronunciation, fluid statics translation, english dictionary definition of fluid statics. Pressure at any point in a fluid is the same in all directions and is transmitted through static fluids without loss pascals principle 2. That is, properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and velocity are taken to be welldefined at infinitely small points. Fluid propertiesdensity and pressure fluid mechanics. If the fluids are at rest, the study of them is called fluid statics. Fluid mechanics is defined as the science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest fluid statics or in motion fluid dynamics, and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries. You may be trying to understand the difference between fluid dynamics and fluid statics. Basic equations hydrostatic equilibrium in centrifugal. All laws in continuum mechanics depart from a cv analysis i.
We start this chapter with a detailed discussion of pressure, including absoluteand gage. Pressure the force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object at any point if perpendicular to the surface of the object m2 n. Different properties are discussed, such as density and pressure. Consequently, it is assumed that properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and flow. For a fluid at rest, pressure at a point is independent of direction, which is known as pascals law. The mass density of an object is simply its mass divided by its volume. Fluid statics me 305 fluid mechanics i part 2 fluid statics. The pressure is the same at all points on a given horizontal plane in a fluid.
Whether the fluid is at rest or motion, it is subjected to different forces and different climatic conditions and it behaves in these conditions as per its physical properties. Fluid mechanics is the branch of science that studies the behavior of fluids when they are in state of motion or rest. The noslip condition says that at the wall the velocity of the fluid is the same as. Fluid statics is the field of physics that involves the study of fluids at rest. This is followed by a discussion of the properties vapor pressure,energyand its various forms, the specific.
A fluid can offer no permanent resistance to any force. Thus, pressure in a static fluid is a point property. Pressure and fluid statics this chapter deals with forces applied by fluids at rest or in rigidbody motion. Pressure difference depends on the vertical distance h between the points 1 and 2, mass density of the fluid. In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluidsliquids and gases. Continuity equation totalenergy balance mechanicalenergy balance velocity of sound ideal gas equations acoustical velocity and nma ma of an. From 1, the pressure at the wall of any vessel is perpendicular to the wall 3. Possess the properties such as viscosity, surface tension and compressibility. Jun 11, 2014 study set 912 static of fluids center of pressuresubmerged surfaces. Introduction fluid mechanics is the science that deals with the action of forces on fluids at rest as well as in motion.
Fluid mechanics study material aerospace engineering. When the fluid velocity is zero, called the hydrostatic condition, the pressure variation is due. Energy of a flowing fluid the internal energy u represents the microscopic energy of a nonflowing fluid per unit mass, whereas enthalpy h represents the microscopic energy of a flowing fluid per unit mass. In fluid dynamics, the fluid is moving and you tend to be interested. Hydrostatic pressure distribution pressure in a continuously distributed uniform static fluid varies only with vertical distance and is independent of the shape of the container. Contents introduction fluid continuum fluid properties 4. What volumetric fraction of the total volume does each fluid occupy. Hydrostatic pressure is only a function of the depth of the fluid, l o l o l o. In fluid dynamics, the fluid is moving and you tend to be interested in things like pressure at different places due to the motion. Because these fluids are not in motion, that means they have achieved a stable equilibrium state, so fluid statics is largely about understanding these fluid equilibrium conditions. Here we talking about fluid mechanics and properties of fluids. Here, is the area vector taken along the outward normal.
Because point d, although at the same level, lies beneath a different fluid, mercury. The force exerted by a fluid against the fluid surface depends on the pressure r according to. In a moving fluid there will be both static and dynamic pressure definitions. Mechanical properties of fluidspressure test paper in this page we have mechanical properties of fluidspressure test paper. Chapter 4 fluid kinematics university of notre dame.
The archimedes principle is introduced and demonstrated through a number of problems. In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes. Properties of fluids in this chapter, we discuss properties that are encountered in the analysis of fluid flow. In particular, some of the terminology used in fluid dynamics is not used in fluid statics. The final topic of the lecture is bernoullis equation. The fluid property responsible for those forces is pressure, which is a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. The focus of the lecture is on fluid dynamics and statics. It is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with the behaviorresponse of fluid when they are at rest. Fluid mechanics is also referred to as fluid dynamics by considering fluids at rest as a special case of motion with zero velocity. The effect of gravity is illustrated through pressure on a vertical cylindrical column. Textbook of fluid mechanics by r k bansal pdf free download. The branch of physics that deals with fluids at rest and under pressure. The bulk modulus is a property of the fluid and for liquids. Specific weight or weight density of a fluid is defined as the ratio between the.
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